Sanctions Beyond Russia: How Graham's Law Targets Moscow's Partners

The new U.S. sanctions law on Russia broadens the scope of economic pressure on Moscow by granting President Donald Trump the power to impose tariffs of up to 100% on U.S. imports from countries that continue purchasing Russian oil and gas— a move that could extend beyond Russia’s economy to impact its trade partners.

The law is named the "Lindsey O. Graham Act to Punish Russia and Iran for 2026" and targets key sectors and resources central to the Russian economy. It requires the U.S. administration to impose these tariffs within 30 days on goods imported from the top five importers of Russian crude oil or natural gas, though the law does not explicitly name these countries.

Authority also extends to countries that continue buying Russian energy after the law takes effect, as well as nations assisting Moscow in circumventing sanctions. China and India stand out as major buyers of Russian oil, but their inclusion among targeted countries remains contingent on the law’s implementation mechanism and decisions by the U.S. administration, according to CNN.

Trump signed the bill Friday authorizing new sanctions against Russia over its ongoing war in Ukraine, following congressional approval that had been delayed for more than a year.

Washington seeks to revive negotiations to end the conflict, despite being largely preoccupied with its war against Iran, which is also depleting part of its arsenal, while Russia intensifies its attacks on Ukraine.

The legislation passed by Congress this week targets Russia’s energy and defense sectors, as well as individuals and senior officials, including President Vladimir Putin. It marks the first major step taken by Congress toward Russia since Trump assumed his second term.

It also targets what is known as the "shadow fleet," the oil tankers used by Russia to evade Western sanctions.

The legislation grants Trump the authority to impose tariffs of up to 100% on major importers of Russian oil and gas, potentially including China and India.

The bill also targets foreign companies and entities supporting the Russian military, while expanding the scope of sanctions related to Iran.

The law aims to strengthen efforts to cut off funding sources relied upon by Moscow to sustain its war effort.

However, the broad powers granted to impose tariffs have sparked an unusual division among Democrats, most of whom support Ukraine, yet resisted giving Trump expanded authority in trade matters.

The Republican-controlled House of Representatives passed the legislation on Wednesday by a vote of 262 to 159.