Nanoplastic Particles Linked to Increased Risk of Intestinal and Liver Diseases

A comprehensive analysis published in Frontiers in Nutrition has found that nanoplastic particles entering the human body affect metabolism, the intestines, and the liver.

The researchers reviewed data from 1,700 studies concerning nanoplastic particles and their health impacts. The findings indicated that these particles disturb the balance of gut bacteria and weaken the intestinal barrier. This disruption allows inflammatory molecules and bacterial waste to more easily enter the body, increasing systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction.

Additionally, the scientists identified another mechanism through which these particles impact the body, related to oxidative stress. They observed that microplastic particles activate reactive oxygen species within the body, damaging cells and impairing mitochondrial function. This may affect energy metabolism and cause abnormalities in glucose and fat processing.

The study focused particularly on the "gut-liver axis," noting that the damage caused by nanoplastic particles to gut microbes and the resulting inflammation negatively influence liver health and fat metabolism. This increases the likelihood of developing fatty liver disease.

The researchers emphasize that evidence on the effects of microplastics on human health remains insufficient, as most existing studies have been conducted on laboratory animals.