Only 20% of Sunscreens Meet Safety Standards, Experts Warn of Concerning Ingredients

Health specialists have issued warnings about the type of sunscreen products being used, highlighting that many available options may not deliver the claimed protection or contain ingredients that raise health concerns.

A recent analysis examined 2,784 sunscreen products and found that only 597, approximately 20%, met the safety and effectiveness standards set by the Environmental Working Group (EWG), a nonprofit organization focused on health and environmental issues.

The remaining 80% were not necessarily classified as hazardous but failed to meet the group's criteria. This was due to the presence of concerning ingredients, insufficient protection against ultraviolet radiation—especially UVA rays—the use of spray formulations, or reliance on protection claims deemed inaccurate by the organization.

Concerns Over Common Sunscreen Ingredients

The report raised alarms about three frequently used components in some sunscreens: oxybenzone, octinoxate, and homosalate. Scientific studies have linked these substances to hormonal disruptions and potential effects on reproductive health and development.

Additionally, the presence of undisclosed fragrances in certain products was highlighted, as these may include allergens or substances suspected of affecting hormones, and even compounds suspected to be carcinogenic.

The report also pointed out additional risks associated with spray sunscreens. Their particles can be inhaled, and the application may not distribute evenly on the skin. Some spray sunscreens have previously been withdrawn from markets after benzene contamination, a highly toxic substance, was detected.

Are Sunscreens Necessary for Darker Skin Tones?

Conversely, the report concluded that mineral-based sunscreens, particularly those containing zinc oxide, represent the safest option. Brands such as Badger, Blue Lizard, and Babo Botanicals received high ratings for safety and effectiveness.

Despite these concerns, experts emphasize that sunscreen remains a fundamental and effective method to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and to reduce the risk of skin cancers, including melanoma. They stress that the issue lies not in using sunscreen itself but in selecting the appropriate type and applying it correctly.

Evaluation Criteria and Certification

The Environmental Working Group applied specific standards to assess products, including ingredient safety, the level of UVB protection, UVA protection, the balance between these protections, and the product’s stability under sun exposure.

Only 62 products received official certification from the group for adhering to the strictest transparency and safety standards.

Many certified sunscreens use mineral formulations that offer broad-spectrum protection and are free from ingredients classified as concerning by the organization.

Debate Over High SPF Ratings

The report also sparked discussion about sunscreens with very high sun protection factors (SPF 70–100+), noting that the actual difference in protection compared to lower SPF levels is limited.

Experts warned that relying on high SPF numbers might lead to less frequent reapplication or increased sun exposure, potentially raising health risks rather than reducing them.

The report further criticized inconsistencies in sunscreen testing results across different laboratories, which can cause significant variation in the evaluation of the same product.

Recommendations for Safer Sunscreen Use

In conclusion, experts and the Environmental Working Group recommend using mineral sunscreens containing zinc oxide and favoring creams over sprays to ensure better protection and minimize potential risks.